folder located in your Dolphin user directory (usually in Documents/Dolphin Emulator) to remove potentially corrupted shader files. Use Beta/Dev Builds
Several apps inject overlays into Vulkan, corrupting the device state. dolphin vk error device lost work
The good news: Recent Dolphin betas (5.0-20000+) have vastly improved Vulkan stability, especially with the new safety features. folder located in your Dolphin user directory (usually