: Explores the nature, causes, and theories of crime causation, including the various schools of criminological thought (Classical, Positivist, Sociological, etc.).
Criminology is defined as the scientific study of crime as a social phenomenon. Paranjape categorizes this field into several critical dimensions: criminology penology and victimology nv paranjape pdf
The most recent major update was the (Reprint 2022). : Explores the nature, causes, and theories of