After the Abbasids declined, the Arab world fragmented into local dynasties (Fatimids in Egypt, Hamdanids in Syria). The saw European invasions, but Saladin (a Kurd) retook Jerusalem in 1187. A major disaster was the Mongol sack of Baghdad (1258) , which ended the Abbasid Caliphate. However, Arabs continued under the Mamluks (Egypt/Syria) and then the Ottoman Turks after 1517. The Ottomans ruled most Arab lands for nearly 400 years, using Arabic only for religious purposes.
If you are looking for high-quality PDFs, searching by author name often yields better results than generic searches. Here are some renowned historians whose works are often available in Urdu: history of arab in urdu pdf