Shams al-Maarif al-Kubra (The Great Sun of Knowledge). Author: Ahmad ibn Ali al-Buni (d. 1225 CE). Significance: This is widely considered the most influential and comprehensive manual of Islamic occultism, esotericism, and spiritual magic ( sihr ). It is a foundational text for the study of Arabic talismans, geomancy, numerology, and the esoteric properties of the 99 Names of God.

The (The Sun of Gnosis) is a 13th-century Arabic grimoire focused on esoteric spirituality and Islamic occultism. Traditionally attributed to the Sufi scholar Ahmad al-Buni , the text is famous for its intricate discussions on magic squares, the mystical properties of the Arabic alphabet, and the construction of talismans. Overview of Content

The book is divided into two main parts ( Shams al-Ma‘arif al-Kubra and al-Shams al-Mughriba ). It includes:

Frequently cited as the source of hauntings or demonic possession. Literature: