| Theory | View of Society | Key Thinkers | Key Concepts | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Organic analogy: Society is a system of interdependent parts working together for stability. | Durkheim, Parsons, Merton | Value consensus, social order, anomie, manifest/latent functions. | | Marxism | Conflict theory: Society is divided by class (Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat). Institutions serve the rich. | Marx, Engels, Althusser, Gramsci | Ideology, false consciousness, hegemony, alienation, surplus value. | | Feminism | Patriarchy (male dominance) shapes society. | Oakley, Walby, Butler | Patriarchy, gender scripts, intersectionality, the personal is political. | | Interactionism | Micro-level: Society is built through daily interactions and symbols. | Mead, Blumer, Goffman | Symbolic meaning, labeling, the looking-glass self, dramaturgy. |
| Pitfall | The Mistake | How Notes Fix It | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Writing essays that are purely description (A "what" essay). | A* notes have evaluation phrases pre-written (e.g., "However, a weakness of this perspective is..." ) | | Pitfall 2 | Forgetting sociologist names. | Your notes should have a "Hall of Fame" table for each topic. Force recall of 3 names per topic. | | Pitfall 3 | Confusing research methods (e.g., Participant vs. Non-participant observation). | Create a comparison matrix listing Strengths/Weaknesses side by side. | | Pitfall 4 | Running out of time in the exam. | Notes should include "P.E.E.L" paragraph starters. Practice with these templates. | sociology 9699 notes
Analyze why certain groups underachieve. Compare Cultural Deprivation theories against Material Deprivation and "Within-School" factors like labeling and subcultures. | Theory | View of Society | Key