| Jurisdiction | Primary Statute | Notable Enforcement | |--------------|-----------------|----------------------| | United States | DMCA (17 U.S.C. § 512) | Federal lawsuits (e.g., Capitol Records v. ReDigi ) | | European Union | Directive 2001/29/EC (InfoSoc) + DSM Directive (2019/790) | Coordinated takedowns, fines up to €300,000 | | Australia | Copyright Act 1968 | Criminal penalties for commercial infringement | | Japan | Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of 1970) | Strong civil remedies, limited criminal provisions |