The marine environment is a fluid, interconnected ecosystem that recognizes no political boundaries. Consequently, pollution in one jurisdiction often creates ecological crises in another. Recognizing this reality, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established a comprehensive legal framework for ocean governance. Among its critical environmental provisions is Article 195 , titled "Duty not to transfer damage or hazards or transform one type of pollution into another." This essay examines Article 195 as a cornerstone of international environmental law, arguing that it enshrines the principle of holistic environmental stewardship by prohibiting states from solving pollution problems simply by shifting the burden elsewhere or changing the form of the contamination.
#!/usr/bin/env python3 import sys import re juq 195